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[1]谢颖朱可可朱天顺焦聪聪魏长慧王贺.医疗不良事件中护士第二受害者研究的范围综述[J].中国卫生质量管理,2026,33(4):64-69.[doi:10.13912/j.cnki.chqm.2026.33.4.14]
　XIE Ying,ZHU Keke,ZHU Tianshun.Scoping Review of Research on Nurses as Second Victims in Medical Adverse Events[J].Chinese Health Quality Management,2026,33(4):64-69.[doi:10.13912/j.cnki.chqm.2026.33.4.14]

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医疗不良事件中护士第二受害者研究的范围综述

《中国卫生质量管理》[ISSN:1006-7515/CN:CN 61-1283/R] 卷: 33 期数: 2026年4期页码: 64-69 栏目: 患者安全出版日期: 2026-04-15

Title:: Scoping Review of Research on Nurses as Second Victims in Medical Adverse Events

作者:: 谢颖朱可可朱天顺焦聪聪魏长慧王贺; 河南中医药大学护理学院（智慧康养护理行业学院）

Author(s):: XIE Ying; ZHU Keke; ZHU Tianshun; School of Nursing (Nursing School of Smart Healthcare Industry)

关键词:: 护士; 第二受害者; 医疗不良事件; 范围综述

Keywords:: Nurses; Second Victims; Medical Adverse Events; Scoping Review

分类号:: R197.323

DOI:: 10.13912/j.cnki.chqm.2026.33.4.14

文献标志码:: A

摘要:: 目的系统梳理医疗不良事件中护士第二受害者的研究现状，明确研究范围，为后续研究与实践提供依据。方法根据范围综述方法，检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane Library、CINAHL、Scopus、中国知网、万方、维普、Sinomed中有关护士第二受害者的文献，检索时限为建库至2025年8月，筛选和分析相关文献。结果共纳入32篇文献（中文19篇、英文13篇），22篇（68.8%）为横断面研究，24篇（75.0%）采用第二受害者体验和支持工具评估；护士负向体验呈高发性、多维度特征，87.5%出现心理反应，43.8%有生理反应，56.2%发生职业行为变化；影响因素涉及组织与个体层面。结论护士第二受害者负向体验对其身心健康与职业稳定性构成威胁，现有研究存在工具特异性不足等缺陷，未来需聚焦特异性评估工具开发与个体化干预方案制订，为建立早期识别机制和制订支持策略提供依据。

Abstract:: ObjectiveTo systematically review the current research status of nurses as second victims in medical adverse events, clarify the scope of research, and provide a basis for subsequent research and practice.MethodsBased on the scoping review methodology, literature related to nurses as second victims was retrieved from databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Scopus, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and Sinomed, covering the period from the inception of each database to August 2025. Relevant literature was screened and analyzed. ResultsA total of 32 articles (19 in Chinese and 13 in English) were included, with 22 (68.8%) being cross-sectional studies and 24 (75.0%) using the second victim experience and support tool for assessment. Nurses’ negative experiences exhibited high prevalence and multidimensional characteristics, with 87.5% showing psychological reactions, 43.8% physiological reactions, and 56.2% experiencing changes in professional behavior. Influencing factors were identified at both organizational and individual levels.Conclusion The negative experiences of nurses as second victims pose a threat to their physical and mental health as well as job stability. Existing research has gaps, such as insufficient specificity of assessment tools. Future research should focus on the development of specific assessment tools and the formulation of individualized intervention plans to provide a basis for establishing early identification mechanisms and developing support strategies.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2026-04-15