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[1]张睿黄菊吴明.无偿献血者再次献血行为研究[J].中国卫生质量管理,2025,32(08):103-109.[doi:10.13912/j.cnki.chqm.2025.32.8.20]
　ZHANG Rui,HUANG Ju,WU Ming.Research on Repeat Blood Donation Behavior among Voluntary Non-Remunerated Blood Donors[J].Chinese Health Quality Management,2025,32(08):103-109.[doi:10.13912/j.cnki.chqm.2025.32.8.20]

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无偿献血者再次献血行为研究

《中国卫生质量管理》[ISSN:1006-7515/CN:CN 61-1283/R] 卷: 32 期数: 2025年08期页码: 103-109 栏目: 血液质量出版日期: 2025-08-15

Title:: Research on Repeat Blood Donation Behavior among Voluntary Non-Remunerated Blood Donors

作者:: 张睿黄菊吴明; 北京大学医学部公共卫生学院

Author(s):: ZHANG Rui; HUANG Ju; WU Ming; School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center

关键词:: 无偿献血者; 再次献血行为; 计划行为理论; 规范激活理论

Keywords:: Voluntary Non-Remunerated Blood Donors; Repeat Blood Donation Behavior; Theory of Planned Behavior; Norm Activation Model

分类号:: R197.6；R331.1

DOI:: 10.13912/j.cnki.chqm.2025.32.8.20

文献标志码:: A

摘要:: 目的探究无偿献血者再次献血行为的影响因素，为促进重复献血行为提供依据。方法采用追踪调查方法，在2021年1月-2022年6月，对全国31个省（自治区、直辖市）5 535名法定献血年龄的无偿献血者进行基线调查和一年随访。结果19.1%的初次献血者再次献血，重复献血者再次献血比例为33.0%，固定献血者再次献血比例达62.2%。固定献血者的献血意向均值为4.68，高于重复献血者（4.29）和初次献血者（4.16）（P＜0.001）；随着献血次数增加，个人规范得分从初次献血者的4.15增长到固定献血者的4.48，知觉行为控制得分从初次献血者的4.25提升到固定献血者的4.66（P＜0.001），而主观规范对献血行为的影响作用逐渐下降。Logistic回归分析结果显示，年轻群体、男性、教师、献血者类型以及积极献血意向是影响再次献血行为的重要因素。去除献血意向变量后，行为态度、个人规范、知觉行为控制对再次献血行为有正向影响作用（P＜0.05）。结论献血者再次献血概率随着既往献血次数的增加而上升，献血行为呈现“外部驱动→体验强化→内化认同”的动态发展过程。应依据不同阶段献血者的行为特征精准实施献血招募和激励措施，以促进重复献血行为，保障血液稳定供应。

Abstract:: ObjectiveTo explore the influencing factors of repeat blood donation behavior among voluntary non-remunerated blood donors and provide evidence for promoting repeated blood donation.MethodsA follow-up survey was conducted from January 2021 to June 2022. Baseline surveys and one-year follow-ups were carried out among 5 535 voluntary non-remunerated blood donors of legal donation age across 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government) in China.ResultsAmong the participants, 19.1% of first-time donors donated blood again, while the proportion was 33.0% for repeat donors and reached 62.2% for regular donors. The mean blood donation intention score of regular donors was 4.68, which was higher than that of repeat donors (4.29) and first-time donors (4.16) (P＜0.001). As the number of blood donations increased, the personal norm score rose from 4.15 for first-time donors to 4.48 for regular donors, and the perceived behavioral control score increased from 4.25 for first-time donors to 4.66 for regular donors (P＜0.001). However, the influence of subjective norms on blood donation behavior gradually decreased. Logistic regression analysis revealed that young age, male gender, being a teacher, donor type, and positive donation intention were significant factors influencing repeat blood donation behavior. After excluding the donation intention variable, behavioral attitude, personal norm, and perceived behavioral control had positive effects on repeat blood donation behavior (P＜0.05).Conclusion The probability of repeat blood donation among donors increases with the number of previous donations, and blood donation behavior exhibits a dynamic development process of "external drive → experience enhancement → internalized identification". Blood donation recruitment and incentive measures should be precisely implemented according to the behavioral characteristics of donors at different stages to promote repeated blood donation and ensure a stable blood supply.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2025-08-15