基于QFD构建泌尿造口医护患协同管理模式
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发布人:yaot 发布时间:2023/10/18 9:40:15  浏览次数:1044次
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——陈庆丽 袁慧 高春红 孙婷 袁媛 赵静 侯慧 姚翠 杨潇

【摘要】目的 分析泌尿造口患者健康管理需求,提出医护患协同管理方案,降低患者造口相关并发症发生率,提高患者满意度。方法 对泌尿造口患者进行半结构式访谈,以质量功能展开为基础,挖掘患者健康管理需求,确定重点改进质量特性,并通过失效模式与效应分析进行质量优化与最佳方案选择,提出构建医护患协同管理方案、多元化培训、搭建数据网、应用“互联网+”开展随访等方案。结果 泌尿造口患者造口自护能力得分提升至47.45分,随访满意度提升至98.86%,患者造口相关并发症发生率下降至18.45%,泌尿造口接受度提高至98.32%。结论 运用质量功能展开创新型品管圈能够确定影响泌尿造口患者医疗护理服务质量的关键因素,为临床管理改进提供依据,从而提升泌尿造口患者的服务质量。
【关键词】质量功能展开;品管圈;QFD创新型品管圈;泌尿造口;医护患协同
中图分类号:R197.323文献标识码:B
Construction of Collaborative Management Mode of Urostomy Doctors, Nurses and Patients Based on Quality Function Deployment/CHEN Qingli,YUAN Hui,GAO Chunhong,et al.//Chinese Health Quality Management,2023,30(8):84-89,97
Abstract ObjectiveIn order to effectively ascertain the primary requirements of patients with urostomy, it is suggested to implement a collaborative approach involving urostomy physicians, nurses,and patients. This approach aims to mitigate the occurrence of complications associated with stomas and enhance patient contentment.Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with individuals who have undergone urostomy procedures. Through the utilization of quality function deployment (QFD), the healthcare management necessities of patients with urostomy were investigated. In this study, various analytical tools such as scenario analysis, the KANO model, and a two-dimensional relationship matrix were employed to identify key quality characteristics for improvement. Additionally, quality optimization and optimal program selection were conducted through failure mode and effect analysis. Proposed plans included the establishment of collaborative management between doctors and nurses, the implementation of patient plans, diversified training initiatives, the development of a data network, and the utilization of "Internet +" resources, ect. Results Urostomy self-care was scored at 47.45 points, the satisfaction rate with follow-up was 98.86%, the incidence of ostomy-related complications decreased to 18.45%,and the acceptance rate of urostomy increased to 98.32 %.Conclusion By using QFD's innovative quality control circle, we can identify the key factors affecting the quality of medical care for those with urostomies. As a result, the clinical management of urostomy patients will be improved, and the quality of their medical care service will therefore improve.
Key words Quality Function Deployment; Quality Control Circle; QFD Innovative Quality Control Circle; Urostomy; Cooperative Management Mode of Doctors
Firstauthor's address The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital),Nanjing,Jiangsu,210029,China


1主题选定

全体圈员召开头脑风暴会议,结合科室现状与专家咨询结果,提出备选主题。同时,采用权重法与“5-3-1”评价法[1], 对所有备选主题从上级政策、可行性、迫切性、圈能力4个维度进行评价,最终选定得分最高的“基于QFD构建泌尿造口医护患协同管理模式”为本期活动主题。 经QC-Story判定,本期活动主题为QFD创新型品管圈。
名词定义:(1)质量功能展开(Quality Function Deployment,QFD)是通过挖掘顾客需求,将顾客需求转换成质量特性,然后将质量特性系统地展开到产品或服务项目的质量上,使产品或服务符合顾客需求,从而确定产品设计或服务的质量标准[2-4]。(2)泌尿造口。即膀胱发生了不可复性病变需被切除或功能受到影响,需要外科医师将尿路直接或间接地开口于腹壁,采取新途径储存和 (或)排出尿液[5-6]。(3)医护患协同管理模式。即由医生、护士与患者为了共同的康复目标,相互协同合作,充分发挥临床医护管理作用,促进患者康复的模式[5,7]。
选题背景:膀胱癌是泌尿系统常见恶性肿瘤之一[8]。世界范围内,膀胱癌发病率居恶性肿瘤第9位,死亡率居恶性肿瘤第13位[9-10]。根治性膀胱切除术是治疗浸润性膀胱癌的主要手段[11-12]。随着快速康复理念被广泛接受,患者住院时间缩短,但患者对泌尿造口接受度不够,且未掌握泌尿造口护理方法,需要医护患协同管理,提高患者造口自护能力,促进术后康复。

2活动计划拟定

本期活动时间为2021年7月-2022年6月,遵循PDCA原理,根据品管圈活动十大步骤[13]要求,其中:P阶段时长占总时长的31%,D阶段时长占总时长的39%,C阶段时长占总时长的19%, A阶段时长占总时长的11%。

3质量规划与课题明确化

首先,圈员对17名泌尿造口患者进行半结构式访谈和问卷调查,了解其健康管理需求,并采用KJ法、情景分析法进行层次化分析,共整理出3大层次4大方面需求。其次,采用李克特5级评分法对患者第三层健康管理需求进行重要度评判。再次,选择具有代表性的两家医院进行对比,设定本课题需达成目标水平,并计算水平提高率。然后,通过专家评审,结合患者需求调查,得出KANO模型的质量需求分类,其中,魅力质量需求为6项(魅力质量赋值为1.5,一维质量赋值为1.2,基本质量赋值为1.0)。同时,根据重要度、水平提高率、魅力值计算需求相对权重[14]并进行排序。最后,选择相对权重较高的需求,通过分析与归纳得出两大攻坚点,分别为提高泌尿造口患者疾病知识知晓率、提高泌尿造口患者满意度。泌尿造口患者健康管理需求质量特性分析见表1。

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