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[1]姚如玉郭相明高愉斐宋沙莎郎颖.我国中医类医院运行效率的空间溢出效应分析[J].中国卫生质量管理,2026,33(6):95-103.[doi:10.13912/j.cnki.chqm.2026.33.6.20]
　YAO Ruyu,GUO Xiangming,GAO Yufei.Analysis of Spatial Spillover Effects on the Operational Efficiency of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospitals in China[J].Chinese Health Quality Management,2026,33(6):95-103.[doi:10.13912/j.cnki.chqm.2026.33.6.20]

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我国中医类医院运行效率的空间溢出效应分析

《中国卫生质量管理》[ISSN:1006-7515/CN:CN 61-1283/R] 卷: 33 期数: 2026年6期页码: 95-103 栏目: 问题与探索出版日期: 2026-06-15

Title:: Analysis of Spatial Spillover Effects on the Operational Efficiency of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospitals in China

作者:: 姚如玉郭相明高愉斐宋沙莎郎颖; 宁夏医科大学人文与管理学院

Author(s):: YAO Ruyu; GUO Xiangming; GAO Yufei; School of Humanities and Management, Ningxia Medical University

关键词:: 中医类医院; 运行效率; 空间滞后; 空间溢出效应

Keywords:: Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospitals; Operational Efficiency; Spatial Lag; Spatial Spillover Effects

分类号:: R197

DOI:: 10.13912/j.cnki.chqm.2026.33.6.20

文献标志码:: A

摘要:: 目的测量2012-2021年我国31个省（自治区、直辖市）中医类医院的运行效率及空间溢出效应，从空间角度提出中医药资源配置的建议。方法采用数据包络分析法中的BCC模型和Malmquist指数模型测算我国中医类医院运行效率的静态和动态变化，结合莫兰指数和空间滞后模型分析效率的空间分布特征及影响因素，并测量不同距离下的空间溢出效应。结果2012-2021年，我国中医类医院总体运行效率较低（综合效率平均值为0.451）且呈平稳波动特点，存在显著的地域差异，西部和东部沿海省份中医类医院运行效率较高（0.536~1.000），而东北及部分中部地区省份中医类医院运行效率较低（0.189~0.536）。全要素生产率变化指数微降（均值为0.998 3），而技术效率变化指数、技术进步变化指数、规模效率变化指数、纯技术效率变化指数均实现增长，其中技术进步增长量最低，制约了全要素生产率变化指数的增长。运行效率存在全局正向空间自相关，局部多数省份呈现高-高或低-低聚集特征。空间滞后模型表明，人口密度、财政支出分权、医保覆盖率等5个因素对运行效率有正向影响，其中财政支出分权随不同距离的空间溢出效应呈大致正向的波动变化，对近距离和远距离地区均为正向空间溢出，对中距离地区存在“虹吸效应”。结论我国中医类医院运行效率存在显著地域差异与较强空间相关性，需要向“创新-效率”双轮驱动的战略转型，空间溢出效应提示可通过医联体等方式提升低效率型中医类医院运营水平。

Abstract:: ObjectiveTo measure the operational efficiency and spatial spillover effects of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) hospitals across 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China from 2012 to 2021, and to propose recommendations for the allocation of TCM resources from a spatial perspective.MethodsThe BCC model and Malmquist index model within data envelopment analysis were employed to assess the static and dynamic changes in the operational efficiency of TCM hospitals in China. Moran’s I index and a spatial lag model were used to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of efficiency, as well as to measure spatial spillover effects across different distances.ResultsFrom 2012 to 2021, the overall operational efficiency of TCM hospitals in China remained relatively low (average comprehensive efficiency value of 0.451) and exhibited stable fluctuations, with significant regional disparities. TCM hospitals in western and eastern coastal provinces demonstrated higher operational efficiency (0.536 to 1.000), while those in northeastern and some central provinces showed lower efficiency (0.189 to 0.536). The total factor productivity change index declined slightly, with an average value of 0.998 3, whereas the indices for technical efficiency change, technological progress change, scale efficiency change, and pure technical efficiency change all showed increases. Technological progress exhibited the lowest growth, constraining the overall increase in the total factor productivity change index. A global positive spatial autocorrelation was observed in operational efficiency, with most provinces displaying high-high or low-low clustering characteristics locally. The spatial lag model indicated that five factors, including population density, fiscal expenditure decentralization, and medical insurance coverage, had positive impacts on operational efficiency. Fiscal expenditure decentralization demonstrated generally positive fluctuations in spatial spillover effects across different distances, exerting positive spillovers in both nearby and distant regions while showing a "siphon effect" in intermediate-distance regions.Conclusion Significant regional disparities and strong spatial correlations exist in the operational efficiency of TCM hospitals in China, necessitating a strategic transition toward dual drivers of "innovation-efficiency". The presence of spatial spillover effects suggests that the operational performance of low-efficiency TCM hospitals can be enhanced through approaches such as medical consortia.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2026-06-15